Exclusion or exemption from risk regulation?

Characterization of the Reverse Talmud bankruptcy rule by Exemption and Exclusion properties

The Reverse Talmud rule for bankruptcy problems applies the Constrained Equal Awards rule (CEA rule) for ‘large’ amounts of the estate, while it applies the Constrained Equal Losses rule (CEL rule) for ‘small’ amounts of the estate. The CEA rule, respectively CEL rule, can be axiomatized using the Exemption and Exclusion properties respectively. There is no rule that satisfies both these two pr...

The De Minimis Exemption of Stored Value Cards from Regulation E: An Invitation to Fraud

the legal-judicial study of exclusion (ḥājibiyyat) or non-exclusion of “pregnancy” in ḥujb (exclusion from inheritance) of brothers concerning mother

the brothers and sisters of the deceased person can, under certain conditions, cause partial exclusion or exclusion from restoration of inheritance for the deceased person’s mother. the issue of the siblings’ exclusion of mother from inheritance in imāmī jurisprudence is attributed to the noble āya eleven of the blessed sūrat al-nisā’ and is maintained in the iranian statutory law according to ...

Expectations of Social Exclusion and Self-regulation

Past work has indicated that social exclusion or rejection has negative behavioural consequences at the individual and societal level. Research has shown that, at the individual level, socially excluded people exhibit increased aggression, poorer intellectual performance, a loss of prosocial behaviour and a tendency to engage in self-defeating behaviour. At the societal level, groups of people ...

f/sla from learner perspectives: a social activity or a cognitive process

in the past couple of decades sociocultural theory of sla and its implications in efl contexts have attracted attentions of research circles worldwide and aroused some controversies. firth and wagner (1997) have questioned the principles of the cognitive view which gives importance to mental constructs in favor of sociocultural view which highlights social and contextual constructs. but if soci...